Showing posts with label writing advice. Show all posts
Showing posts with label writing advice. Show all posts

Friday, August 18, 2023

Once upon a time...

 

Once upon a time, I had the good fortune to learn from the late 

and oh, so wise award-winning author and teacher Richard Peck.

When it comes to crafting story, he taught me, 

“In the beginning is the end, in the end is the beginning.”

It matters little what my character seeks –

a problem’s solution,

a need’s fulfillment,

the realization of a dream,

the granting of a wish.

Somewhere within the story’s requisite inevitable yet surprising 

satisfactory resolution lies its start.

 

Mr. Peck’s sage advice has become a mantra of sorts, one I gladly 

repeat to myself as well as my writers and students when we find 

ourselves facing unreachable endings to our stories.

His words provide the perfect Rx.

Revisiting a story’s beginning allows us to reconnect with our 

characters to finally see their narrative arcs, to remind ourselves 

what our story is about, to remember our story’s promise to the 

Reader.

The beginning and end need to be of a piece so the story works as 

an harmonious whole.

 

Even better, though, especially for picture book writers, revisiting

 a story’s beginning words – those we chose when we launched our 

story, often reveals hidden nuggets that await discovery and 

repurposing.

A word ripe for word play or repetition.

A phrase worthy of a refrain.

A reader-grabbing sentiment, revealing the story’s heart.

For example, in my There Goes Lowell’s Party! (Holiday House), 

with his faith in his family’s love and resourcefulness to over-

come all obstacles confirmed, Lowell confidently casts all doubt 

aside and declares: “Here comes my party!

In my Fancy That (Holiday House), Pippin Biddle honors his 

“Though far, I am near, cheering you on!” promise to his sisters to 

save them from the Poor House, prompting the sisters to in time

exclaim, “Though far, you were near, cheering us on!”


My chosen story structure in Chicken Soup By Heart (Simon & 

Schuster) – a story within a story – begins and ends with, “Here it 

is, from start to finish, how such a nice boychik saved the Chicken 

Soup Queen.”

 

Of course, and fortunately, Richard Peck taught me far more than 

the craft of writing. He modeled for writers, published or not, 

dedication to craft and dogged pursuit of one’s dreams.

Yes, our stories’ ends must hold their original beginnings and vice-

versa.

But his multitude of singular characters showed me what all of our 

story characters come to learn if they are different for the Journey:  

like all ends, THE END inevitably births new and surprising

 satisfactory Once upon a times!

 

Thanks to Molly at Nix the Comfort Zone for hosting today’s Poetry 

Friday.


Here’s to Happy-Ever-After endings – my favorite kind!

 

Esther Hershenhorn

Friday, August 14, 2020

From Once upon a time…to…Happily ever after! – thanks to Richard Peck’s Best-ever Writing Tip!


Once upon a time I had the good fortune to learn my craft from the 

inimitable award-winning author Richard Peck, a true Best Man if ever 

there was one.

t

The result?

My stories, no matter the format, now organically end happily ever after.

I gladly pass along Mr. Peck’s keen eye-opening words so your 

Beginnings and Endings do what they must:

     “On your first page is the last, on your last page the first.”  

Stuck on your ending as you finalize your revision? Revisit your 

beginning.

Unsure of your beginning? Reread your ending.

And, reread books, especially picture books, to see the truth of Richard 

Peck’s advice.

If you’re unfamiliar with Richard Peck, or even if you’re not, take a 

moment to read this glorious tribute, then seek his published work. 

His contributions to children’s literature are note-worthy.









SCBWI offers his brilliant Master Class on Writing the Novel for 

Young Readers in the current Summer Spectacular Bookstore

And, for pure Show, Don’t Tell, read Matthew Winner’s post on First 

Page/Last Page connections.  The examples underscore Richard Peck’s 

advice.

Thanks to Molly Hogan for hosting Poetry Friday today at 

NIXTHECOMFORTZONE.

Molly’s August 7 post addressed gratitude.

I remain forever grateful to Richard Peck for all he taught me – 

in person and through his books, about writing and Life.

Happy writing!

Esther Hershenhorn


Friday, August 7, 2020

Two Connected Bits of Writing Advice from Ann Patchett and Sharon Darrow


As we near the end of our series of posts featuring favorite writing tips, I'm relieved none of the other TeachingAuthors has discussed the advice I'm sharing today. It's actually two bits of advice. I heard the first many years ago from one of my first writing teachers, Sharon Darrow. I'm paraphrasing her words here, but Sharon said:
When you're writing, imagine you're using a pencil that has an eraser on the end. Everything is fine as long as you focus on the writing--on keeping the pencil moving. But if you stop to erase (to edit), you'll stop the writing flow. There's no way to physically write and erase at the same time.

I recently heard Ann Patchett say something similar in an interview on the July 22, 2020 edition of the Happier with Gretchen Rubin podcast. (I'm a big fan of Gretchen Rubin's podcast and books. I mentioned her book The Four Tendencies in my post 3 Aids for Creativity in the Time of the Coronavirus.)

In the podcast, Rubin and her sister, Elizabeth Craft interview Patchett about her bestselling adult novel, The Dutch House (Harper). The book is the latest Happier Podcast Book Club pick and the first Patchett novel I've read. (Note: the podcast interview contains lots of spoilers, so if you're planning to read The Dutch House, do it before listening to the podcast.) Near the end of the interview, Patchett shares several pieces of writing advice. Gretchen Rubin posted a graphic on her Instagram account of the tip I want to share with you today:


As Patchett says, there are times when we need to look at our work critically. But that comes later, after we have a solid draft. We need to make some art first so we'll have something to shape later.

When I'm working on a draft, I try to hold onto the image of the pencil moving across the page and resist the urge to "erase."

Don't forgot to check out this week's Poetry Friday round-up hosted by former TeachingAuthor Laura Purdie Salas.
Posted by Carmela

Friday, July 10, 2020

The Best Poetry Tip Lee Bennett Hopkins Ever Taught Me

.
Howdy, Campers, and Happy Poetry Friday! (my poem and the PF link are below)

Perhaps some of you really ARE camping right this very minute! Boy, that sure sounds good now: aromatic pines, refreshing dips in a clear lake, scent of wood smoke and that close-your-eyes crackling as you gather 'round to roast marshmallows and sing...ahhhhh.

This round, TeachingAuthors will each share a favorite piece of  writing advice.

Mine came from Lee Bennett Hopkins, who told me: 

Root out all unnecessary "the"s.


It's such a simple idea, yet it can change a poem profoundly.


Or at least clean it up.

(In the paragraph describing your camp-out above, I deleted four "the"s.)


THE
by April Halprin Wayland

It's a simple word, really,
but wait...do you need it?

Watch deer tug a tree
for a banquet of greens...

he steers clear of each "the,"
but devours those leaves.

poem © 2020 April Halprin Wayland. All rights reserved

Or, as Laura Shovan just shared so succinctly in the comments below, "every word must earn its place in a poem."

So try Lee's tip...and then report back and tell me about it--I can't wait to hear!

Thank you, Ruth, for hosting a Poetry Friday party at 


posted with love by April Halprin Wayland and Eli, who is tuckered out after this morning's walk:
you can see Eli in the distance

writing poetry can be exhausting!

Friday, June 12, 2020

Turn Your Reading Passion Into Better Writing


Years ago, when I first decided I’d like to write books for children, I attended a program about Oklahoma history. One speaker mentioned Bass Reaves. Bass escaped from slavery in Texas, crossed the Red River arriving in Oklahoma Territory ready to begin a new life. He learned the lay of the land and survival techniques from Native Americans. Eventually, he became a United States Deputy Marshal under Hanging Judge Parker and always found the outlaws who dared to hide from him.

I fell in love with Bass. I quickly decided I was the perfect person to tell his amazing life. I even found an editor who was somewhat interested in my attempts to capture his story.

Then one day, the editor sent the email that broke my heart. She explained she would not be publishing my manuscript. I was devastated! My heart was broken. I don’t remember her exact words, but I read – there is a new Bass book and it’s so much better than your feeble attempts. I still feel the pain! I remember attending an American Library Association conference and there in the distance was BAD NEWS FOR OUTLAWAS – THE REMARKABLE LIFE OF BASS REEVES, DEPUTY U. S. MARSHAL, Written by  Vaunda Micheaux Nelson and Illustrated by R. Gregory Christie. Bass in all its glory. I quickly changed directions and walked down another aisle. It was such a painful moment in my writing life. I’m tearing up now as I think about it.



My husband thought my reaction was over the top. “Write something else,” was his remedy. The editor emailed, “Send me something else.” SOMETHING ELSE! I had nothing else. My writing life was over and it had just begun.
Well, it took time (years) but I recovered and I continued to write. Then one day I bought a copy of BAD NEWS FOR OUTLAWS. It’s fabulous! A page-turner! No wonder it received so many awards. It is a thousand times better than my feeble attempts.

Recently, I met Vaunda at a conference and told her my pitiful story. She hugged me and my world righted itself.
I also typed it and I could see, feel, and understand why I loved it and what made it successful. I began typing other books that moved my spirit.

I challenge you to type a favorite book or even a page or two of a longer work. What makes you cry, smile, or laugh out loud? Why was it hard or easy to put down? What made you decide it would have a place of honor on your bookshelf?

Think about your responses. You might discover a technique that will lead to stronger writing.

Posted by Gwendolyn Hooks

Friday, January 31, 2020

Revising My Writing Life



In January of every year, I look back on what I’ve accomplished or didn’t accomplish. I’ve had to force myself not to dwell on all the things I wanted to do but didn’t. But I do think about them and wonder why…

Mostly, it’s because I gave up at the first wrong turn. “Gwendolyn,” I say to myself, “That was an awesome idea!” Why didn’t you follow up on the critique from your writing group?

Sometimes it’s because another idea or opportunity popped up and I immediately switch gears. Sometimes it seems too hard. I doubt myself. My mind tells me “You can’t possibly write well enough to have it published. Or an editor replied with a discouraging rejection.

Then I notice a new book on the bookstore shelves about a similar subject. My heart dips. My brain sags. My husband has no sympathy. “You shouldn’t have given up,” he tells me. That’s not what I wanted to hear. But is very similar to the advice I’ve given to other writers. Find a new angle. Change your approach. There are tons of books on the market with similar themes and plots. Your job is to dig deep into yourself and find the book that only you can write and then write it from your heart.

Study the craft of writing. Join a critique group or form your own. And listen to your writing group. Try some of their ideas and think deeply about their thoughts as you revise. Think about them even when they seem to point you west and you’re determined to head east.

During those confusing times, I often board Amtrak’s Heartland Flyer and think and write as it travels through our Oklahoma landscape on its way to Fort Worth, Texas. The journey is never pointless because one of my daughters lives at the end of the track. If my revising needs a longer ride, I transfer to the Texas Eagle and chug-a-lug my way east to Longview where a niece awaits me. 

The Heartland Flyer


Are there times your writing needs revising? Does it seem as if it’s heading north and it needs to head in the opposite direction? Try changing your environment. Even a different library or coffee shop can help clear your mind and your writing. I like to visit museums like the Museum of Osteology.

Find your best train for revising. Listen for the conductor’s announcement, “The revision train is now loading on Track SUCCESS!”

Posted by Gwendolyn Hooks


Monday, October 2, 2017

Interview with Vinspire Editor Dawn Carrington


Hello, Readers,
Today I’m pleased to share an interview with Dawn Carrington, president of Vinspire Publishing, and editor of my just-released young-adult historical romance, Playing by Heart. (If you haven't entered for a chance to win the novel, the link at the end of this post will take you to the giveaway.)

For those you who aren't familiar with Vinspire Publishing, here’s some info from their website:


“Started in 2004 by four professional women, Vinspire Publishing is a print and e-book publisher. All of our books, with the exception of our novellas, are available in print, and we offer a little bit of everything for the family including inspirational romance, historical romance, mysteries, romantic suspense, literary fiction, paranormal romance, non-fiction, young adult adventures, humor, and children's stories.”

And now for the interview with Dawn.

Dawn, thanks for taking time out of your busy schedule for this interview. To begin, can you tell us how Vinspire Publishing was founded and what your initial goals were for the company? Also, how have those goals changed over time?

Thank you for asking me to be interviewed, Carmela.

Vinspire Publishing first began as Vintage Romance Publishing in 2003, and it came about because my friends and I saw a need for more books from the bygone era. When we originally started, we were only publishing books set in the 1920s-1950s, but as time passed, we decided to expand to more historical romance. Another year or two later, and we opened our doors to the wide branch of genres we accept now.
Vinspire changed because you have to change to meet the demands of the readers. We still publish historical romances and historical books without romance, but we’ve also found readers that are looking for more young adult, more Christian fiction, and so that’s what we’ve done.

The company started with four people. How many do you employ now and in what roles?

We have nine people who are staff, and that would include my assistant, two readers, a senior editor, a cover artist, an illustrator (now that we’ll be accepting more children’s books), and marketing team of three. We also have a host of contractors we use for formatting our black and white books, formatting our children’s books, as those are two separate teams, preparing ads and additional graphics, preparing our videos, and uploading our books to Netgalley along with a host of other duties that we may need only once.

One of the things that enticed me to submit to you was the quality of your covers. When I handed a bookmark featuring the cover of Playing by Heart to an influential librarian I met at a conference, she commented on how the cover could pass for one put out by HarperCollins. Can you tell us a bit about how the cover design process works at Vinspire? Does one cover artist design all your covers?

It's always so gratifying to hear such praise about our covers. We have been very fortunate to work with Elaina Lee with For the Muse Designs. She designs all of our covers and tries to reflect the author’s vision.

We ask each author to fill out a cover art form which provides an idea of what they would like to see on their cover. Authors can even provide samples of other covers they like. Sometimes, Elaina is able to make their ideas a reality. At other times, they just won’t work, and that’s when Elaina and I will choreograph a cover.

Many times, Elaina gets everything perfect the first time, or it’s almost perfect with just one or two tweaks. So I say again how very fortunate we are to have this talented cover artist working for us!

Vinspire is typically open only to agented submissions. However, you recently accepted unsolicited submissions for one day. What motivated that decision? What were the results from that call? Do you think you’ll offer contracts to any of the authors who submitted?

Vinspire had been closed to unagented submissions for almost two years, working only with agents and through conferences for submissions. Once upon a time, all of our submissions came through authors without agents, and we’ve been blessed to have acquired books that have gone on to be bestsellers with us and authors whose careers have blossomed. So we decided to open our doors for twelve hours only and check out the talent.

The results were phenomenal. In fact, so much so that we’ve had to hire additional readers to get through the influx. We’re still reading through the manuscripts, and it’s already been six weeks. But we were right to open as, without a doubt, we’ll be offering contracts to some of the authors.

Did you see any common problems in the manuscripts that didn’t make the cut? What advice can you give those authors?

I would say the biggest problem we have seen in some of the submissions we will or have rejected is the failure to “catch” us in the beginning. Authors have one shot to catch an editor’s eye so it’s imperative to start the book where the story actually begins.

Unfortunately, many authors still feel the need to set up the story with long narratives that don’t give us the opportunity to invest in any of the characters. We want to dive into the story. Instead, the author tells us every little thing about the main character and the setting of the book, and ten pages in, we don’t know if we want to continue reading.

It’s kind of like going to buy a car, and the salesman extols the virtues of the vehicle and takes forever to get to the price of the car. If he tells you that first, you know whether or not you can afford it. Get the shock out of the way. That’s what you need to do with the book. Shock us. Awe us. Make us feel something other than boredom so we’ll want to read more.

You are an author yourself, writing as Rachel Carrington. How do you find time for your own writing on top of all your responsibilities at Vinspire?

I’ve always been extremely organized. A large part of that comes from having spent thirty years as a paralegal. You can’t do that job if you’re not organized. I make lists. I have set times for everything, including time to relax in the evening. In addition, I enjoy working. Having nothing to do is unfathomable to me. I like to stay busy because it gives me a sense of purpose.

Vinspire is very active on social media, including Facebook, InstagramPinterest, Twitter, and YouTube. Do you have any advice for authors trying to promote their work via social media? Is it worth the time for pre-published writers to participate in social media?

As much as some people might hate it, social media is a necessity in today’s publishing world. It’s one of the best ways, besides a newsletter, to reach your audience.

Promoting doesn’t have to be hard. I have said this countless times to our authors. You can do a lot in ten to fifteen minutes a day, especially on social media. As long as you’re not just shouting “buy my book,” you can get people interested in what you have to say.

For instance, on my personal Twitter account, I share writing tips, promoting tips, articles I’ve discovered that would benefit authors, links to helpful marketing blogs, positive messages, and videos that make me laugh, cry, or feel something. Yes, I include information about my books occasionally, but, more often, I invite people to follow me on social media or to subscribe to my newsletter. I believe it’s more important to give than it is to receive, and authors can make a difference in their own marketing efforts if they don’t narrow their focus to just selling their books.

Pre-published authors need to be involved in social media so they can follow authors and industry leaders and join in the conversations. They can learn what to do and what not to do. Many agents, editors, and publishing houses share writing tips and calls for submissions on social media like we did with our one-day-only submission event. If an aspiring author wasn’t on social media, they missed that call.

It’s important, though, to have a balance. Don’t spend so much time on social media that you neglect other aspects of your career. Continue to educate yourself about the writing process and marketing. Learn how to grow your career. Get involved in writing groups offline and become a part of this community.

Vinspire Publishing is up against a lot of competition: the “Big 5” publishers and their imprints, other small publishers, and authors independently publishing their own work. How do you reach potential readers in the face of all that competition?

This might sound odd, but I don’t see other publishers as competition. We’ve always believed there are readers for every book no matter who the publisher is, and when you think about it, few people purchase books based on the publisher.

Reaching readers is an ongoing process that involves encouraging them to try a new author and to come back after their first purchase. It’s all part of the marketing process.

Some books sell better than others. It’s a simple fact like some shoes sell better than others. But we don’t give up on a book. If you take a look at our social media, you’ll see we constantly promote books no matter how long they’ve been in publication.

I think a big part of being successful in any aspect of life is having a “never give up” attitude. We have been in business for almost fourteen years, and we’ve made it this far because we’ve been tenacious about reaching out to readers, and we have some great authors that have that same spirit.

Do you have any tips for staying positive in the often-challenging publishing business?

I have a quote on the wall in my office that says “always believe something wonderful is going to happen.” That’s how I try to live my life. Staying positive takes effort, but it’s worth it when you realize that there is so much negativity in the world that people grasp onto the positive when they see it.

Like I said above, it’s important to have a “never give up” attitude. We only get one chance at this life, one chance to make a difference, so we have to make every moment count.

If an author is struggling because their book isn’t selling the way they thought it should, I encourage them to think about where they were a year ago. Maybe they didn’t even have a book published then. So, by having a book in publication, they have become an author, and they are taking steps forward. As long as you’re making forward movements, you’re succeeding.

Never compare yourself to anyone else because your journey is different. Maybe you’re not supposed to be a New York Times Bestselling author. That might be difficult to hear, but there are different levels of success. An actor who hasn’t won an Emmy isn’t any less of an actor. So you’re not any less of an author if your book hasn’t won an award or you haven’t reached the pinnacle of the sales charts.

Thank you again for the interview, Carmela. It was a pleasure!

Thank YOU, Dawn. I especially appreciate your advice about not comparing yourself to anyone else. I think that's something we're often tempted to do.

Readers, I hope you found this post helpful and encouraging. If you'd like to receive updates on Vinspire Publishing's books and giveaways, be sure to sign up for their newsletter at the bottom of the home page of their website.

And don't forget to enter for a chance to win an autographed copy of Playing by Heart if you haven't already done so. See my last post for details.

Remember, always Write with Joy!
Carmela

Friday, September 18, 2015

Oh, What a View!

We're back from a brief camping trip in Wildcat Mountain State Park, where we hiked along nearly empty trails hoping for a glimpse of the Kickapoo River,


looked down on vultures soaring over the valley,


and rested and read in a secluded campsite. 


At night, we stared up at a skyful of stars, warmed by a cozy campfire.

Every once in awhile, I remember the advice I give to students:
  • Walk. The regular motion helps ideas flow.
  • Read. Take time to appreciate the sounds of the words as well as the meaning.
  • Slow down and pay attention. A change in scenery (especially outdoors) can bring inspiration.
Works for me, too!

This week's Poetry Friday Roundup is at Today's Little Ditty.  

JoAnn Early Macken

Friday, September 11, 2015

3 Words To The Wise To New Writers

.
Howdy, Campers--Happy Poetry Friday! The link is at the bottom of the page, right below my poem.

Our topic this round is Dear Younger Me. JoAnn started us off by encouraging her younger self not only to carry around notebooks...but to actually go back and mine them for ideas. Esther lovingly reassures her younger self--as she has encouraged me and countless others. Carla talks to her past self when she decided to write what would become her first nonfiction book.

I love this topic. We seem to be universally hard on ourselves. I am constantly giving myself tickets for the things I haven't accomplished...
Are you intimidated by the police in your head?
Have you considered the possibility that you haven't done anything wrong?
So here's what I'd tell my younger self...the one embarking on a voyage to the Children's Book Writers Planet:

Dear Enthusiastic, Younger, Much-Prettier-Than-You-Realize-Right-Now Me,

~ Trust your gut. I know, I know. Your mother kept saying this and you looked at her cross-eyed.

What in the heck does that MEAN?

Well--it means yes, take those classes, read children's literature, find a critique group, attend conferences, read how-to books...

...but give yourself the silence in which to discover that still, small voice within. She's there, I promise. But she whispers. The crazy clutter of our culture makes is hard to locate her (and Honey, it's only going to get worse, believe me. Buckle your seat belt.) 

She knows when that marvelous critique group is sending your story in the wrong direction, when the business advice you just heard from the podium does not fit your work habits or your style or your something-else.

Trust her. Wander with her. She usually doesn't take the well-traveled path.

~ Be patient. Ha ha--that's a good one, right? When you're still in your twenties, your very smart husband will say."Y'know...I think we'll both reach our peak in our 50s and 60s."  HA! He can't be right, can he?

Um...yup.

~ Keep creating content.  That is, keep writing books. Because one day you could look up after visiting 19 gazillion schools, and you'll not only be exhausted to the bone...but your books will begin going out of print. ACK!

So yes, accept invitations to do school visits and teach workshops, because you love teaching.  But be careful not to let them take over your writing time like some big blobby thing.

It's so tempting, isn't it? Your ego is definitely well-fed by those second graders who think you're the Queen of England.
from Morguefile.com

That's all, Kiddo. You'll do fine.

Oh--one more thing: slow down when you read your beautiful kid bedtime stories. I know, I know: you want to get to your work, but trust me...take a breath, take your time, and soak in the pleasure of reading to your kid.

Love,
me

P.S: I know you're not going to take any of this advice. And that's okay, too.

TO MY TEEN SELF
by April Halprin Wayland

Michael is lying.

Michael is lying.
I know that you're flying on wings of romance.
His teeth gleam, he loves you--well, at least at first glance.

But Michael is caught in the web he is weaving
Michael is out the door.
Michael is leaving.
Michael is lying.
Michael is lying.
Oh, dear.
It's coming:

the Niagara of crying.

poem and drawing (c) 2015 April Halprin Wayland. All rights reserved.
Thanks to my friend Robyn Hood Black for hosting today!

posted by April Halprin Wayland with the help of that still, small voice within.

Monday, June 8, 2015

For the Love of Comma

My kitty, Comma.
 
What is one man’s colon is another man’s comma.” ~ Mark Twain

As a writing teacher, and a working writer, I found the greatest challenge is learning the fine art of punctuation. The secret, I discovered, is writing for the reader's eye. Understanding how the reader approaches text offers you key insight into how to write with clarity and grace.

 Readers approach the text by moving left to right. Readers interpret information by this forward projection. Readers expect subject-verb-object structures in sentences. They tend to focus on the verb that resolves the sentence's syntax, and in so doing, tend to resist information until after the verb is identified. This is why concrete subjects and action-oriented verbs carry the weight of the sentence. If the subject is vague or nonexistent, or the verb is passive, the sentence often falls apart.

Because readers project forward, they intuitively search for the subject, skimming over qualifying clauses or phrases that precede the subject. This becomes important in longer sentences, when the subject does not debut until mid-way or beyond. This is why subjects placed as close to the opening of the sentence as possible make for stronger sentences.

 Active voice maintains this forward process. It originates with the grammatical subject, flows through the verb, and results in an outcome. Some research suggests that readers understand and remember information more readily when structure corresponds to this cause-effect sequence. Passive structure forces this action in reverse: a subject is either implied or supplied in a subordinate phrase, and the outcome becomes the grammatical subject.

 The rhythm of a narrative is found in its punctuation. As sentences crash and fall “like the waves of the sea,” punctuation becomes the music of the language, says Noah Lukeman, in one of my favorite reads, A Dash of Style (2006).


Periods are the stop signs, says Lukeman, and hold the most power in the punctuation universe.
morguefile.com
All other marks – the comma, the dash, the colon and semi-colon, and so on – serve only to modify what lies between the periods. Sometimes a usurper, like the exclamation point or the question mark, intervenes, but its control is temporary. Imagine a book without periods, or a book that has periods after every word, and you begin to understand its supreme power.

 A well-placed period, especially in battle with one of its usurpers, helps pacing and adds emphasis. It speeds the narrative up in an action-sequence, heightening the drama. For example, can you hear the drum beat in this passage from my book, Girls of Gettysburg (Holiday House, 2014)?


Bayonets glistening in the hot sun, the wall of men stepped off the rise in perfect order. The cannoneers cheered as the soldiers moved through the artillery line, into the open fields.

The line had advanced less than two hundred yards when the Federals sent shell after shall howling into their midst.

Boom! Boom! Boom!

The shells exploded, leaving holes where the earth had been. Shells pummeled the marching men. As one man fell in the front of the line, another stepped up to take his place. Smoke billowed into a curtain of white, thick and heavy as fog, stalking them across the field.

 Still they marched on. They held their fire, waiting for the order.

 Boom! A riderless horse, wide-eyed and bloodied, emerged from the cloud of smoke. It screamed in panic as another shell exploded.

Boom! All around lay the dead and dying. There seemed more dead than living now. Men fell legless, headless, armless, black with burns and red with blood.

Boom! They very earth shook with the terrible hellfire.

Still they marched on.
Long sentences can be very effective to heighten emotional drama even as it slows the action down. In another example from Girls of Gettysburg: “Dawn broke still as pond water, and the army was already on the march, moving east along the Pike. As the bloody sun broke free of the horizon, the mist rose, too. The air heated steadily, another hellfire day.”

But, as the cliché reminds us, there can be too much of a good thing (except chocolate, of course). A string of short sentences can become a choppy ride. Like riding in a Model T Ford. Stuck in the wrong gear. Chug! Chug! Chug! Going over a rutted road. It bounces. And bounces. And bounces. My head hurts. Ouch! Ouch! Ouch! Stop. This. Car. And. Let. Me. Out.

 And no one wants to read a sentence that never ends, one that goes on and on and on and on, in some stream-of-consciousness rambling of fanciful swooping and looping and drooping that serves no purpose other than to satisfy the writer’s ego.

If the period is the stop sign, then the comma is the speed bump, says Lukeman. It controls the ebb and flow of the sentence’s rhythm. A comma connects and divides. In fact, as Lukeman warns, it’s downright schizophrenic. It divides the sentences into parts, clarifying its meaning, or in some cases, changing its meaning. Consider this favorite Facebook meme: A woman, without her man, is nothing. But, with a wave of the magic punctuation wand, it changes to this: A woman: without her, man is nothing.

A comma connects smaller ideas to create a more powerful idea: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.

Everyone has heard the saying, placing a comma is like taking a breath in a sentence. But a sentence with too many commas sends the reader into hyperventilation. And one with not enough commas forces the reader to hold her breath unto she turns blue. So, where do you place your comma?

There are a thousand handbooks on punctuation, each offering a thousand rules on where and when to place a comma, and each rule has a thousand exceptions. Perhaps the better question is: what is your purpose in using the comma? As a stylistic devise, I offer that it’s one of the most emotive punctuation marks because it mimics the character’s state of mind. For example, from my Girls of Gettysburg, you know this poor character is frightened: “Weezy sang, quiet as a cricket’s whisper. But in the tiny room, in the dark, it seemed loud enough.”

Somewhere between the period and the comma is the semi-colon. This is the mediator, says Lukeman, and “a bridge between the two worlds.” With a style all its own, the semi-colon connects two thematically-related ideas while maintaining the independence of both.
morguefile.com
 It can be used to smooth out the choppy ride found in a string of short sentences, or give a breath of air in a long-winded sentence.

However, the semi-colon doesn’t always play well with others. It competes for attention with the comma. Because a semi-colon slows the action down, the effect of a comma and, most especially the period, is minimized.

And then there are colons. Colons are just plain bossy. They don't like to share. They especially don’t like semi-colons, despite the similar names. With a flair for the dramatic, colons are the master magicians: they reveal. (<See what I did there?) Colons hold the audience in suspense, says Lukeman. Then, at the right moment, the writer pulls the curtain back to reveal some fundamental truth of the narrative. Remember the Facebook meme example? A woman: without her, man is nothing.

But too often misunderstood and underappreciated, the colon tends to be reduced to mundane tasks, like signaling lists and offering summaries.

Then, of course, there are the dashes, ellipses, slashes and myriad of other punctuation marks. Alas, I’ve run out of space. In the end, as Noah Lukeman says, punctuation is organic, a complex universe subject to the writer’s purpose and personal tastes. What works in one narrative doesn’t work in every narrative. And for every rule, there is an exception. At its core, however, punctuation is a journey of self-awareness and reveals as much about the writer as it does about the writing.


For more information, you might find these useful:

Boyle, Toni and K.D. Sullivan. The Gremlins of Grammar. NY: McGraw-Hill, 2006.

Lukeman, Noah. A Dash of Style. NY: WW Norton, 2006.

Bobbi Miller


 “Punctuation in skilled hands is a remarkably subtle system of signals, signs, symbols and winks that keep readers on the smoothest road. Too subtle, perhaps: Has any critic or reviewer ever praised an author for being a master of punctuation, a virtuoso of commas? Has anyone every won a Pulitzer, much less a Nobel, for elegant distinctions between dash and colon, semi-colon and comma? ~ Rene J. Cappon, Associated Press Guide to Punctuation